Splice donor and acceptor sites are specific nucleotide sequences that define the boundaries between exons and introns during RNA splicing. Donor sites, located at the 5′ end of an intron (exon-intron boundary), […]
Miscellaneous
How Does pH Affect DNA Stability?
In a neutral pH range, pH 5 to 9, DNA molecules are quite stable. However, if the pH becomes too acidic or alkaline, DNA molecules are prone to destabilization. At […]
What is pH Value of ddH2O?
The pH of double-distilled water (ddH₂O) is theoretically around 7.0 — perfectly neutral — because pure water at 25°C autoionizes slightly into H₃O⁺ and OH⁻ ions. But in practice, ddH₂O […]
How to Improve 2A Linker Cleavage Efficiency
Here are some strategies to increase 2A linker cleavage efficiency for monoclonal antibody production:
How to avoid cross-contamination in qPCR
To avoid cross-contamination in qPCR, key practices include: separating pre- and post-amplification areas with dedicated equipment, using a unidirectional workflow, including a “no template control” in each run, properly cleaning work […]
Reduce the risk of cross-contamination from the amplicon/template and previous reactions for a qPCR
Use a unidirectional workflow during experiment setup. Separating pre- and post-amplification areas is key to preventing contamination. Prepare your PCR master mix in a template-free room (see next bullet) using reagents that never […]
Difference between dye-based vs probe-based qPCR
Dye-based qPCR is less expensive than probe-based qPCR, but probe-based qPCR is more specific and accurate. The choice between the two depends on the research goals and the type of […]
OmpA Signal for Protein Expression
The OmpA signal peptide is a 21-amino acid sequence that targets fused proteins to the Sec secretion pathway in E. coli. It can be used to increase protein yield and simplify purification […]
High-cell-density cultivation (HCDC)
High-cell-density cultivation (HCDC) is a process that improves the formation of microbial biomass and products. It can be used for microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea, and yeasts. HCDC can make the fermentation process […]
How to protect RNA from degradation?
To protect RNA from degradation, you can: RNA is prone to enzymatic degradation and hydrolysis. Even at low temperatures, RNA can still be reactive, and some ribozymes can be enhanced by […]